This illustration distinctly shows the importance of using a fume extraction system, even when soldering only once in a while or for just a few hours a day. The captured particles are primarily condensed residues from flux. Without a filter system these particles ill be partly inhaled the operator with the remainder spread over the work object and workplace. In contrast, a proper filter system will eliminate not only the particles, but will also catch and eliminate dangerous gases created in the soldering process.
焊錫吸煙儀焊接煙霧過濾器 lems that are related to particles and gases in the electronics
industry: Nosebleeds - Early indication, very common in the electronics industry. Respiratory problems - Worsening of existing asthmatic conditions - Occupational Asthma - Irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract Early symptoms are: * Watery eyes * Runny or blocked nose * Sore throat * Coughing * Wheezing or breathing difficulties AIRBORNE PARTICLE DEMONSTRATION 90 MINUTES OF LEAD-FREE SOLDERING
The following shows exactly what an operator could possibly breathe in
during 90 minutes of lead-free soldering.
Standard lead-free 3% type ROL1 no-clean flux solder wire was melted
continuously with a standard iron. The suction nozzle of a high
efficiency fume extraction system was positioned near the tip of the
iron. Just 90 minutes later, a nozzle-mounted net had captured a
substantial amount of particulates.BEFORE AFTER 90 MINUTES OF LEAD-FREE SOLDERING 焊錫吸煙儀箱式焊接煙霧過濾器 管道錫爐空氣凈化機 激光廢氣處理裝置 烙鐵煙塵吸附機器 工廠焊臺抽煙設(shè)備 波峰焊煙霧處理 回流爐煙霧凈化煙霧過濾機煙霧循環(huán)凈化設(shè)備循環(huán)煙霧過濾器機器 Back to top
PARTICLES
Respirable particles – Many particulate LGACs are very small
(generally less than 1 micron in diameter), so they can be easily
inhaled.
Toxic particles – Some particulate LGACs may cause allergic,
carcinogenic or toxic effects, such as the chrome and nickel
particles produced when working with lasers on stainless steel. Back to top GASES
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are often produced when working with
lasers on plastics.
Many VOCs already have Workplace Exposure Limits in place according to
COSHH (control of substances hazardous to health). Back to top Workers exposed to organic solvents for an extended time period incur
increased risk of the following health issues:
Chronic damage to the nervous system, which can result in
concentration and memory impairment, personality changes, and
permanent tiredness.
Reduced sensitivity to touch
Restless arm/leg syndrome
Skin dryness and irritation; non-allergic eczema
SOLVENT OVERVIEW, TYPES, AND FAQs Overview Few workers understand the risks of exposure to solvents, yet many are
exposed to them on a daily basis. Everyone working in an industrial
environment comes into contact with chemicals that contain solvents.
How dangerous the chemicals containing the solvents are depends on the
properties of the substances and the precautions taken when handling
them.
Organic solvents are absorbed primarily through the mucous membranes
(total area: 80-200 m²), but some can also be absorbed through the
skin (total area approximay 2 m²) or digestive system (total area
approximay 10 m²).
There is a noticeable trend of people becoming more sensitive to
allergic materials, such as airborne particles and solvents, in
industrialized societies. This indicates a need for improved
extraction equipment and precautions. Types Isocyanates Isocyanates is the name of a large family of substances
such as TDI (toluene-2,4-diisocyanate), MDI (diphenyl-methane
diisocyanate), and HDI (hexa-methylene diisocyanate) used extensively
in industrial workplaces. There are a large number of different
isocyanates with different characteristics, but common to all of them
is that they cause health problems, especially when inhaled. One of
the largest areas of use for isocyanates is in the manufacture of
polyurethane plastics (PUR). PUR appears as a soft compact foam and is
found in coatings and other chemical products. Approximay 5 % of
all plastics used are currently PUR and its usage is increasing.
However, during the polymerizing and heating of PUR, a number of
isocyanate combinations are formed. When heating phenyl formaldehyde
resin, methyl isocyanates are formed. Isocyanates can easily be absorbed through the skin and through the
mucous membranes. In contact with water they form amines that will
stay in the blood for a long time. Isocyanates are also found in
polyurethane materials (coatings), glues, and varnishes.
Isocyanates cause health hazards – especially when inhaled in the
form of gas, steam, dust, or aerosol droplets. Inhalation can cause
irritation in eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory system with
symptoms resembling asthma or bronchitis and decreased lung function.
The risk of hypersensitivity is high.
Isocyanates can also cause skin irritation. Repeated contact can cause
eczema, and in some cases, skin allergy. Isocyanates have a very low
limit value … so low that you may be exposed to dangerous
concentrations without noticing, as isocyanates are invisible and
odorless at low levels. An allergic person can develop problems even
when exposed to concentrations below the hygienic limit value.
Recently, new health hazards have been discovered with certain PUR
coatings and some PUR glues used in the manufacture and repair of
printed circuit boards. The same risks occur when working with coated
optical cables that contain small amounts of PUR and coated wire. When
these materials are heated, isocyanates are formed in such high
concentrates that it can cause asthma. It is believed that the thermal
segregation starts at 150-200°C. There are also strong reasons to
suspect that isocyanates can be formed when heating resin products
like fluxing materials.
Alcohols Inhalation or skin contact with alcohols such as methanol,
ethanol, or isopropanol can cause dizziness, headache, disturbed
vision, or fainting. Absorption over a longer period can permanently
damage the eyesight of the victim. Aldehydes Aldehyde solvents such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are
transformed when heat is applied to them, resulting in fumes that have
an irritating effect on the eyes and respiratory organs. Inhalation
can induce headache, dizziness, and fainting in severe cases.
Esters (acetates) Esters such as ethyl acetate and dioctyl phthalate
are often used as solvents and dissolvents in the manufacture of
paints, plastics, and synthetic fibers. Like most solvents, they cause
irritation of the respiratory passages, but long term exposure causes
kidney and liver damage.
There are many other solvents in common use, including ketones,
mercaptans, organic acids, and ethers, all of which have an effect on
the human body, primarily on the respiratory system. Skin contact
(splashes) resulting in eczema is a secondary, but fairly common
occurrence.
FAQs
Why are solvents dangerous? Can the body break down solvents? Are all solvents equally dangerous? What parts of the body do solvents harm? Is the damage done by solvents permanent?
Q:Why are solvents dangerous?
A: Solvents dissolve fat. The easier they dissolve fat, the easier
they are absorbed by the body and the greater their capacity for doing
damage. The ability to dissolve fat is partly the reason why solvents
are used, and is one of the main reasons why they are so dangerous if
they get into your body. The cells of the brain contain a high degree of fat. Since the brain
works like a sponge in absorbing solvents, this puts the nervous
system at great risk.
Q:Can the body break down solvents?
A:Yes, the liver can break down many of the solvents. But
unfortunay, the chemicals formed when these substances are broken
down can be even more dangerous than the original solvents. It can take a long time for your body to break down solvents – so
long, in fact, that the body cannot get rid of everything during the
night or even over the weekend. This is very serious because it means
that solvents can accumulate in your body, sometimes causing
irreversible damage.
Q:Are all solvents equally dangerous?
A: No, some are safer than others. Also, the body absorbs some more
slowly than others. If you have a choice of solvents, use one that
causes as little harm as possible and is absorbed very slowly.
Q:What parts of the body do solvents harm?
A:That depends on the solvent in question. The brain, bone marrow,
liver, and kidneys are susceptible to damage, but the most common
effect is damage to the nervous system. Just as with alcohol (which is
a solvent) as the body absorbs more and more of a solvent, reactions
become slower and judgment is impaired. In many jobs, those events can
open the victim to other, even more extreme dangers.
Q: Is the damage done by solvents permanent?
A: Unfortunay, in many cases the damage is irreversible. It has
been proven that occupational symptoms appear slowly over a long
period. By the time a condition is diagnosed, lasting damage may have
been caused to the nervous system, respiratory system, eyes, brain,
liver, and kidneys.
GLUES
The main health risks of long-term exposure to glues are:
- Skin irritation - Skin drying - Allergic contact eczema - Asthmatic problems from inhalation of glue dusts and solvents
The level of health risk varies depending on the type of glue being
used, with non-hardening glues (“hot glues” that gain strength by
cooling) being least dangerous. Glues that strengthen by drying are
somewhat more harmful, with water?based glues being less dangerous
than solvent?based types. Glues that pose the highest risk of health
concerns are “hardening” glues that cure independent of surrounding
conditions.
HARDENING GLUES – HEALTH CONCERNS Polyurethane glues – Polyurethane glues contain isocyanates that are
released during application. Isocyanates can cause:
Asthma Hyper-sensitivity to isocyanates Breathing problems when exposed to other fumes (perfumes, motor
vehicle exhaust, tobacco smoke, etc.) Irritation of skin and eyes Reduced lung capacity Acrylate glues – Acrylate glues contain high concentrations of
acrylate, methacrylate or cyanoacrylate esters that can cause contact
allergies. Epoxy glues – Epoxies can cause:
Skin irritation Allergic contact eczema Silicone glues – Residue products of silicone glues include oximes,
alcohols (alcoxy “methanol”, methoxy), and acetone. These volatile